Many of the world's most famous inventors only produced one major invention that garnered recognition and cemented their prominent status. But Garret Augustus Morgan, one of the country's most successful African-American inventors, created two – the gas mask and the traffic signal.

Born in the last quarter of the nineteenth century to former slaves, Garrett A. Morgan was only formally educated to a sixth-grade level. Fortunately, like many great inventors, Morgan had an innate mechanical mind that enabled him to solve problems. And, unlike most other inventors, he also was a skilled entrepreneur.

After moving to Cleveland, Ohio, at the age of 18, Garrett Morgan's business sense and strong work ethic led him to almost immediate success. He invented and patented the first chemical hair straightener, started his own sewing equipment repair business, and even established a newspaper – the Cleveland Call.

But Morgan's most prolific accomplishments came in his role as an inventor. He received a patent for the first gas mask invention in 1914, but it wasn't until two years later that the idea really took off. When a group of workers got stuck in a tunnel below Lake Erie after an explosion, Morgan and a team of men donned the masks to help get them out. After the rescue was a success, requests for the masks began pouring in.

Similarly, Garrett Morgan's other famous invention – the traffic signal – was also invented to help save lives. After witnessing an accident on a roadway, Morgan decided a device was needed to keep cars, buggies and pedestrians from colliding. His traffic signal was designed to stand on a street corner and notify vehicles and walkers whether they should stop or go. After receiving a patent in 1923, the rights to the invention were eventually purchased by General Electric.

Frequently Asked Questions About Garrett Morgan

Who was Garrett Morgan?

Garrett Morgan was an African American inventor, businessman, and community leader best known for his groundbreaking inventions, including the modern traffic signal and an early safety hood device that improved breathing protection.

What did Garrett Morgan invent?

Garrett Morgan invented the three-position traffic signal, which added an intermediary caution signal between stop and go. He also invented a safety hood and smoke protector that was used by firefighters and rescue workers to breathe safely in hazardous environments.

Why is Garrett Morgan’s traffic signal important?

Morgan’s traffic signal introduced a middle position that improved safety by giving drivers advanced warning before a stop was required. This innovation helped reduce accidents and shaped the development of modern traffic control systems.

What was Garrett Morgan’s safety hood?

The safety hood was an early form of a gas mask designed to filter out smoke and harmful gases. It was used in emergency response situations, including rescues from tunnels and fires, and helped save lives before modern self-contained breathing apparatus existed.

When did Garrett Morgan patent his inventions?

Garrett Morgan received a patent for his safety hood in 1914 and later patented his improved traffic signal in 1923. Both inventions were commercially manufactured and widely used.

How did Garrett Morgan’s inventions impact public safety?

His inventions made everyday life safer. The traffic signal reduced roadway collisions by adding clear signaling, and his safety hood provided vital respiratory protection in dangerous conditions, helping rescue workers operate in smoke and toxic environments.

Was Garrett Morgan recognized for his work during his lifetime?

Yes. While he faced racial discrimination typical of his era, Garrett Morgan earned respect as an inventor and businessman. His safety hood gained widespread attention after being used in a dramatic tunnel rescue, and his traffic signal became a foundational part of transportation systems.

Where did Garrett Morgan live and work?

Garrett Morgan was born in Kentucky and later moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where he established his businesses, applied for patents, and developed his inventions.

What challenges did Garrett Morgan face as an inventor?

Garrett Morgan faced significant racial barriers in the early 20th century. Despite discrimination, he pursued mechanical innovation, founded successful businesses, and secured patents that had lasting influence on technology and safety.

How did Morgan’s safety hood help in real emergencies?

Morgan’s safety hood was used in rescue operations in places like tunnels and mines, where smoke and dangerous gases threatened lives. It allowed rescuers to breathe while bringing people to safety.

Where can I learn more about Garrett Morgan’s inventions?

You can explore historical archives, patent records, museum exhibits, educational resources, and biographies that document Garrett Morgan’s life, patents, and influence on technology.

For more information on Garrett A. Morgan and his inventions, refer to:

Garrett A. Morgan Biography
Who Made America? Innovators: Garrett Augustus Morgan